The System Dynamics Diagram Below Illustrates The...

EXPLANATION: The chosen organisation is Southside Takeaway, a small takeaway shop with approximately 5 employees. The system dynamics diagram below illustrates the interactions and activities of the business. The goal of the business is to produce fast, quality takeaway food that satisfies customer’s demands. The business has a sole trader structure but has had to rely on outside family investors for cash flow. This outside family investor arrangement means that bigger purchases can be made through consultation; each contributor has taken this opportunity to invest in the family legacy rather than receive profits. The choices of investors are deeply affected by economic fluctuations. Investors will have extra or less cash flow depending on the state of the economy at any given time and therefore will make further investment choices based on such. Stock management and purchasing are two closely linked internal factors in the business vital to providing quality products. Purchases are reliant on stock levels and must have management approval. Factors such as quality control, availability of produce, seasonal customer preferences, supplier availability and supplier relationships all play a role in the ability for the business to create value through these internal functions. Some of these external factors can be partially controlled; for example availability of produce and quality control can be managed by ensuring supplier relationships are strong. Stock management has aShow MoreRelatedUML - Unified Modeling Language5761 Words   |  24 PagesFIGURES V 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENERAL VIEW OF UML 2 2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF UML 2 2.2 DEFINITION UML 3 2.3 OVERVIEW OF DIAGRAM TYPES 4 3. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 3.1 FIELDS OF APPLICATION OF THE ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 3.2 NOTATION ELEMENTS OF THE ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 4. EXAMPLE OF USE IN LOGISTICAL PRACTICE 11 4.1 HOW TO USE AN ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 11 4.2 HOW TO MODIFY AN ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 13 4.2.1 Step 1 – describe the process 13 4.2.2 Step 2 – identify the elements 14 4.2.3 Step 3 – visualize the processRead MoreA Conceptual Model of an Erp System Using Uml3425 Words   |  14 PagesA Conceptual Model Of An ERP System Using UML Madhurima1(Lecturer), Madhulika (Lecturer) Apeejay College of Engineering, Gurgaon1 Flat No.306, kaveri apptt.,GH-4,Sec-21D, Faridabad-121001 Mob no. 09350350814,E-mail-10madhurima@gmail.com Apeejay College of Engineering, Gurgaon madhulikabhatia@gmail.com Abstract—In today’s competitive and ever changing environment every business demands paperless operations, a wireless communication of a result of fully transparent and automated operations ofRead MoreTeachers Attendance Monitoring System9215 Words   |  37 Pagesresearchers propose a teachers’ Attendance Monitoring System of Asian College of Technology that is more improved and more enhanced. This will provide the institution and the administration an automated system to be used for the daily records of instructor’s attendance place that will store and save the data ready anytime for any retrieving operations. This will also assure accuracy and certainty of information and is to be frequently updated. This system will also help them work more in less time and canRead MoreSingapore Economic Plan2065 Words   |  9 Pageswant. In addition, as Singapore has limited natural resource, energy and materials need to be imported. Business / Investor Roles: Job creation and sustainable profit The business of Singapore needs to ensure that they are profitable while setting up in Singapore. Cost and benefits need to be weight for them to operate in Singapore Potential conflict among stakeholders Business / Inventor. Residents and Government Government may implement policies that would require businesses to raiseRead MoreSingapore Economic Plan2052 Words   |  9 Pagesnot want. 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Some people like to take exam in a classroom is traditional manual examination because they are happy to sit there and have the teacher tell them what to learn, and when they get stuck, they are happy that there is someone there to help them, and they enjoyRead MoreSample Resume On Value Stream Mapping2219 Words   |  9 Pagesand improving on its lean journey. VSM shows the all the process from order entry to delivery. The value stream in a VSM is the point at which value is actually added to the product or service by changing its market form or function. Value adding activities can be things like: machining, assembly, welding, folding and so on. Scope of Value Stream Value Stream Map can be drown for three different levels: An extended level map as the view of the values stream at 60,000 feet, the facility level map atRead MoreDesign The Library Management System3008 Words   |  13 PagesManagement System, to include an evaluation of the processes towards improving the quality of the management software. The software will reflect all the requirements defined by the customer, documented in the included requirements documents. Further, included is an examination and evaluation of potential software development models for identification of those best suited to develop the software. Finally, an explanation of the testing plan utilized in testing the functionality of the system is includedRead MoreOoad Lab Manual10493 Words   |  42 PagesUML DIAGRAMS Date: UML DIAGRAMS There are three classifications of UML diagrams: †¢ Behavior diagrams. A type of diagram that depicts behavioral features of a system or business process. This includes activity, state machine, and use case diagrams as well as the four interaction diagrams. †¢ Interaction diagrams. A subset of behavior diagrams which emphasize object interactions. This includes communication, interaction overview, sequence, and timing diagrams. †¢ Structure diagrams. A typeRead MoreStarbucks Report5887 Words   |  24 Pages1 Application of Strategy Dynamics: Starbucks Corporation Pascal Gambardella, Ph.D. CSC 12708 Chilton Circle Silver Spring MD, 20904 301-346-5398 pgambard@csc.com Strategy Dynamics (Warren, 2008) provides a quantitative, resource-based approach to understanding a firm’s performance over time. This

Fast Food Restaurants And Obesity - 1528 Words

Do fast food restaurants contribute to obesity in America? One out of every four Americans stop by to eat fast food daily. Many people may not know this, but you would have to walk seven straight hours to burn off a super sized Coke, fry, and Big Mac. Sixty percent of all Americans are either overweight or obese. Did you also know that some fast food restaurants sell more toys than Toys-R-Us? Fast food restaurants contribute to obesity in America by promoting time-saving eating options, using celebrities to promote their products, and encouraging children to eat unhealthy food through clever marketing. Fast food restaurants are convenient if you are on the road and get hungry and you need a quick meal. The service at a fast food restaurant is quicker than making a homemade meal at the house. Fast food can give people more time to do important tasks that they need to do. Fast food restaurants also have a separate play area where kids can run around and play on the slide or swing and just have fun while wait on the meal. Many people buy fast food because it’s cheaper. Some people think that fast foods are convenient because they dislike cooking. Younger people who are single eat more fast foods than older people and married couples just for the convenience of it. For years fast food was considered a poor people’s food. The drive-through was where people would go who could not afford the â€Å"good stuff†. The meals have since changed, introducing healthier meals and low calories.Show MoreRelatedFast Food Restaurants For The Obesity Epidemic1663 Words   |  7 P ages Fast-food restaurants are very cheap and convenient way to get a quick meal and also in quick, convenient areas. Whether someone is in a hurry or just need something to eat, pulling through a drive through is very simple and a way to get food almost instantly. Obesity is a significant issue in the United States and having America plastered in fast-food chain restaurants does not help the fact, but we can not put them to blame. People need education on nutrition to learn what they need to eat andRead MoreRelation Between Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity Introduction The combination of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, two-income families with children, busy single professionals and the proliferation of fast food restaurants in recent years has created a perfect storm of obesity in the United States as well as a number of other countries. Further exacerbating the problem is the lack of nutrition and high levels of fat content in many fast food restaurant products, making their consumption a high-risk activityRead MoreFast Food Restaurants Are Being Blamed For Obesity Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesbibliography for research on how fast food restaurants are being blamed for obesity. I am researching the significance of fast food chains being blamed for obesity rates rising, when we, in fact should be looking at the individual responsible. Rice, S., McAllister, E. J., and Dhurandhar, N. V. Fast Food: Friendly? International Journal of Obesity (2007): pp. 884-86. Academic Search Premier. Web. In this article published by the International Journal of Obesity, S. Rice, Department ofRead MoreObesity in America: Fast Food Restaurants are NOT the Problem918 Words   |  4 PagesWith the continued growth of fast food restaurants, low priced food, and fast friendly service, these restaurants have become very appealing to the average consumer. With this increase in popularity, there has come many problems for these companies associated with the fast food industry. These stores are being blamed for the rise of obesity and other health issues in America; leading to many wanting a ban or probation on these fast food restaurants. The Government has stepped in on this issue andRead MoreFast Food Restaurant s Cause Obesity1259 Words   |  6 PagesToday two thirds of adults and nearly one third of children struggle with overweight and obesity. Most people in today’s society think that fast food restaurant s cause obesity, but they most likely do not. It is a person’s c hoice of what they put in their body. Even though thousands of fast food restaurants have to follow certain pricing standards, their cheap food is usually unhealthy and their expensive food is usually healthy, the amount of individual responsibility depends on whether you keepRead MoreEssay on Fast Food Restaurants Aren’t to Blame for Obesity598 Words   |  3 Pages In the 21st century, obesity has become a big problem. In fact, 35.7% of adults, 16.9% of kids, and 30.4% of preschoolers are obese in the U.S.! These numbers are still rising and many people are blaming fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurants aren’t the ones to be blamed for obesity; people are. One reason people eat fast food so much is because our bodies crave sugar, fat, and salt. Food companies use sugar, fat, and salt to get people to buy their products. Eating these unhealthyRead MoreFast Food Restaurants, Childhood Obesity, and Healthy Eating Habits3327 Words   |  13 Pages Fast Food Restaurants, Childhood Obesity, and Healthy Eating Habits Today, fast food restaurants are often blamed for childhood obesity. This is however a simplistic point of view, there are a number of factors that contribute to the current epidemic of childhood obesity. When all is said and done, the responsibly of teaching children healthy eating habits and encouraging regular exercise to mitigate this problem lies with parents. It is estimated that as many as one in five Americans is obeseRead MoreAre We Taking It Too Far by Blaming Fast Food Restaurant for Obesity?1285 Words   |  6 PagesAre we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurant for obesity? Although throughout the years many people have claimed that obesity is a genetic disorder for the most part; results of recent studies strongly indicate that lifestyles rather than genetics are what are causing an obese society, because people choose to not exercise, not watch their diet, and eat fast food. For the past few decades, food companies had aimed their marketing at single meals, pushing to inflate portion sizes. ThatRead MoreObesity Fast Food Nation Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesFast Food Nation Obesity has grown into a rampant issue all over the United States, over the past few decades. Fast foods also have increased their outlets in the nation, in turn, depicting a success in the business venture. 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Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay Free Essays

string(189) " enabling downloading application plans by public package platform engineering, multimode wireless entree platform engineering, and high quality media coding engineering over nomadic webs\." The room access to the presents wireless communicating systems was opened by Guglielmo Marconi when he transmitted the three-dot Morse codification for alphabet ‘ S ‘ by the usage of electromagnetic moving ridges over a 3-KM nexus in 1895. This laid the foundation of modern communicating systems runing from broadcast medium, satellite transmittal and wireless finally come oning to presents cell phones. It would n’t be incorrect to state that wireless communicating has so revolutionized our present society A sudden addition has been observed in the enlargement of wireless systems during the last two decennaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have seen great development in Wireless communicating systems from 1G narrowband parallel systems in the 1980s to the 2G narrowband digital systems in the 1990s. Now the bing 3G broadband multimedia systems are being deployed. In the interim, research and advancement in the future-generation wideband multimedia wireless systems is smartly being pursued worldwide. To link nomadic users to the populace switched web the United States introduced foremost radiotelephone service by the terminal of the fortiess. Improved Mobile Telephone Service was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s due to which tonss of betterments like direct dialing and addition in bandwidth took topographic point. IMTS formed the bases of the first parallel cellular systems. The term cellular was used due to the fact that coverage countries were disconnected cells, they had a low power sender and receiving system. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 1. Block diagram of a general communicating system. ANALOG vs. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Definition of Digital A method of hive awaying, processing and conveying information through the usage of distinguishable electronic or optical pulsations that represent the binary figures 0 and 1. Advantages of Digital low-cost dependable Easy to pull strings Flexible Compatible with other digital systems The information in digital signifier can merely be transmitted without any debasement through a noisy channel Incorporated webs Disadvantages of Digital Sampling Mistake As compared to analogue, larger bandwidth is required in digital communications for the transmittal of the same information. Synchronism in the communications system is required to acknowledge the digital signals, but this is non the instance with linear systems. Definition of Analogue Analogue is a transmittal criterion that uses electrical urges to emulate the audio wave form of sound. When you use a phone, the fluctuations in your voice are transformed by a mike into similar fluctuations in an electrical signal and carried down the line to the exchange. Advantages of Analogue less bandwidth is required More Accurate Disadvantages of Analogue Signal loss and deformation can be seen due to the effects of random noise which is impossible to retrieve GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS The construct of cellular telephone was introduced in AMPS, abruptly for Advanced Mobile Phone Systems. AMPS divided the entire country into little parts called cells and this was from where the construct of cellular telephone started. Cellular Systems had many advantages such as they increased quality, capacity, dependability and handiness of nomadic telephone web. The coevalss of cellular systems are described below. FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMS First coevals cellular telephone systems were introduced in 1980 ‘s. They were based on Analog Frequency Modulation technique. Each channel was assigned a exclusive frequence. First coevals cellular systems offered merely wireless voice services based on parallel engineering. Digital signals were merely used for control information such as dialing a figure etc. These systems were no able to get by with the increasing demands of users besides they had really less capacity and provided hapless voice quality. Some first coevalss systems are Advanced Mobile Telephone System, AMPS NAMPS, AMPS Entire Access Cellular System ( TACS ) Nordic Mobile Telephone System ( NMT-900 ) Second GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMS Second Generation Cellular Systems provided larger capacity and provided much better services to users compared to first coevals systems. They were based upon Digital Modulation technique which led to great sweetening in web ‘s capacity. Second Generation Systems used multiple entree techniques such as TDMA and FDMA. The biggest draw back of Second Generation Systems was that its different systems were non compatible with each other. Therefore rolling between different systems was non possible. Some of Second Generation Systems are North American Digital Cellular, NADC Global System for Mobile Communication, GSM Pacific Digital Cellular, PDC CDMAONE, IS-95 CDMA In order to get the better of Second Generation compatibility job with increased information rates of modern cyberspace applications, 2.5 Coevals criterions were developed. The best thing about them was that they allowed already bing Second Generation systems to be upgraded so that they can be used for higher information rate transmittal. 2.5 Generation brought a new revolution in cellular telephone by back uping services like high velocity cyberspace and location based nomadic services. Some of 2.5 Generation Mobile Systems are General Packet Radio Service, GPRS Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution, EDGE Third GENERTAION CELLULAR SYSTEMS Designed to supply high quality and high capacity in informations communicating, Third Generation Systems require sophisticated spreading and transition techniques. Third Generation Systems are aimed to supply voice quality comparable to set down line telephone and besides to back up high informations rate. These systems are compatible with circuit switched every bit good as package switched informations services. They are besides compatible with the bing webs and usage wireless spectrum much more expeditiously than earlier. Some Third Generation Systems are Wideband CDMA, WCDMA Universal Mobile Telephone System, UMTS CDMA 2000 BEYOND 3G The extremely developed version of the 3G nomadic communicating are the 4G nomadic communicating services. It is estimated that 4G nomadic communicating services will give addition in capacity, informations transmittal with high velocity, broadband, HQ colour picture images for users, in writing life games in 3D, sound services in 5.1 channels. For the system and architecture of 4G nomadic communicating many researches are done. Developments are made in the terminal protocol engineering for high velocity package services, larger capacity, enabling downloading application plans by public package platform engineering, multimode wireless entree platform engineering, and high quality media coding engineering over nomadic webs. You read "Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay" in category "Essay examples" Why 4G? Servicess like wireless cyberspace and teleconference can be carried by 4G. Global mobility and service portability. Wider bandwidths. Increased spot rates. Less expensive. Mobile webs can easy be scaled. Chapter # 02 Multiplexing is a procedure in which a individual bearer is used to convey several different signals. These several signals are transmitted all together by uniting them and organizing one signal that will efficaciously travel through the bearer bandwidth. When one transmittal is done and the signal reaches the finish point, the incorporate signal re-assembles into its existent signifier and is so received. Multiplexing is one of the most used techniques today in about every communicating system. Because of the technological progress multiplexing, we have seen major addition in efficiency of a broad scope of telephone services and on-line applications. Multiplexing has become an effectual technique that assists in everything from video conferences and web conferences up to bulk informations transmittals and even doing a simple Point-to-Point phone call. FDMA: FDMA is the most usual technique used for multiple accessing. FDMA stands for frequence division multiple entree. It is clear from its name that in this technique the frequence is divided among the users as the available spectrum is shared among them in the frequence sphere. The message signals are transmitted onto bearers for different users utilizing peculiar RF frequences. Within FDMA structural design the Single Channel Per Carrier ( SPSC ) is the simplest method where each channel is provided with a separate bearer. This scheme finds its kernel in the fact that the channels are assigned on the footing of demand. Within a cell all the channels are available to all users all the clip, and the channels are assigned as soons as a message signal is received or a petition is made. Guard sets are used to cut down the opportunities of intervention from next channels. These guard sets are present between the sets allocated for assorted channels. In the execution of the first parallel cellular systems, FDMA is the multiplexing technique that was used. TDMA: Time division multiple entree techniques allots different clip intervals to different users for the transmittal of signals and storage of the information is carried out in one frequence channel non like FDMA which uses one frequence per channel. Users are allowed to utilize the same frequence but the clip slots are divided. In TDMA techniques the available spectrum is divided into little frequence sets as in FDMA, which are farther sub-divided into assorted clip slots. The user can entree the frequence channel merely for clip slot allotted to him. User can utilize sporadically the peculiar continuance of clip. In TDMA systems, guard sets are required between both frequence channels and clip slots. SDMA: SDMA stands for Space-Division Multiple Access. It is a MIMO ( Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output, a multiple aerial conventional architecture ) based radio communicating web architecture. It enables entree to a communicating channel by the procedure of placing the user location and set uping a one-on-one function between the web bandwidth allocation and the acknowledged spacial location that is why it ‘s largely suited for nomadic ad-hoc webs. For bulk of the well known nomadic communicating architectures such as CDMA, TDMA and FDMA, SDMA architecture can be configured and implemented CDMA: CDMA stands for Code division multiple entree. CDMA systems are based on the spread spectrum technique. In which transmittals by all the users are carried out at the same time while operating at the same frequence and utilizing the full spectrum bandwidth. For the designation and extraction of needed transmittal, each user is allotted with a alone codification which can non fit with any other user. This issue of designation is due to the fact that all the users transmit at the same time. To guarantee this privateness, pseudo-random noise codifications or PN codifications are used. These codifications are really the extraneous codifications and its advantage is that it reduces the opportunities of transverse correlativity among themselves. By utilizing this PN codification assigned to the specific user, transition of the message signal from an single user is done. Then we have the CDMA frequence channel through which all the modulated signals from different users are transmitted. At the receiving system ‘s terminal, the coveted signal is so recovered by de-spreading the signal with a reproduction of the PN codification for the specific user. The signals whose PN codifications are non matched with the coveted signal and are assigned to different users are non de-spread and as a consequence are regarded as noise by the receiving system. CDMA differs from both TDMA and FDMA in a manner that it allows users to convey the signal at the same clip and operate at the same nominal frequence so it requires less synchronization whereas in TDMA and FDMA frequence and clip direction is really critical so more dynamic synchronism is required. One more advantage of CDMA is that complete system ‘s spectrum is used by signals and hence no guard sets are required to protect against next channel intervention. Intro to Spread Spectrum Communications Following are the major elements that can clearly depict the Spread Spectrum communications: By spread spectrum, bandwidth far in surplus is available than that is necessary to direct the information. Due to this characteristic the transmittal can be protected against intervention and jamming at the same clip supplying multiple entree capableness. An independent codification known as the Pseudo random codification is used for signal spreading across the bandwidth. The distinguishable nature of this codification separates dispersed spectrum communications from typical transition techniques in which transition ever spread ‘s the spectrum slightly. For the recovery of the original signal the receiving system is synchronized to the deterministic imposter random codification. Users can convey the signal at the same clip and operate at the same nominal frequence by utilizing independent codification and synchronal response. In order to protect the signal from intervention a pseudo-random codification is used. It appears to be random to anyone who does non hold its pre-defined cognition but in world is deterministic, it is because of this fact that receiving system is able to retrace the codification needed for the recovery of the needed informations signal. This codification used for synchronal sensing is besides called Pseudo noise sequence. Types of Spread Spectrum Communications Spreading of bandwidth of the signal can be achieved by three ways: Frequency skiping The signal is shuffled between different Centre frequences within the full bandwidth available to the hopper pseudo-randomly, and the receiving system used already knows where to look for the signal at a given clip. Time skiping The signal is transmitted in short explosions pseudo-randomly, and the receiving system knows when a explosion is expected. Direct sequence Very high frequence is used to code the digital information. The codification is pseudo-randomly generated. The same codification is generated at the receiver terminal, and in order to pull out the original information this codification is multiplied to the received information watercourse. Beginning Cryptography AND DIGITAL MODULATION 3.0 Introduction Digital Modulation is performed in order to stand for digital informations in a format that is compatible with our communicating channel. Why Digital Modulation? Digital transition strategies have greater capacity to convey big sums of information than parallel transition strategies. 3.1 DIGITAL DATA, DIGIITAL SIGNAL Digital signal is binary informations encoded into signal elements. Different encoding strategies for encoding digital informations into digital signal are: 3.1.1 Non Return to Zero ( NRZ ) In NRZ there are two different electromotive force degrees for 0 and 1. There is no passage in the center of the spot. The absence of signal denotes 0 and a positive electromotive force degree denotes 1. The major drawback of NRZ strategy is that it adds a dc constituent to the signal. 3.1.2 Multilevel Binary ( AMI ) In this encoding strategy there are more than two degrees. No signal represents 0 and 1 is represented by some positive and negative There is no dc constituent in this strategy and besides there is no loss of synchronism for back-to-back 1 ‘s. 3.1.3 Manchester Coding There is passage in center of each spot, which acts as a clock every bit good as informations. The low to high passage represents 1 and high to low represents 0. 3.1.4 Differential Manchester In this scheme passage at the center of the spot represents merely timing while passage at start represents 0 and no passage at start represents 1. 3.2 ANALOG DATA, DIGITAL SIGNAL Analog informations is foremost converted into digital informations by utilizing parallel to digital convertors. These convertors use different techniques to finish their undertaking, some of them are: 3.2.1 Pulse Code Modulation If a signal is sampled at regular intervals at a rate higher than twice the highest signal frequence, the samples contain all the information of the original signal. Each sample is assigned a digital value. Although its quality is comparable to that of parallel transmittal but still in this procedure some information is lost and the original signal can ne’er be recovered. Delta Modulation Analog input is approximated by a stairway map. Function moves up or down at each sample interval by one degree ( vitamin D ) . Delta transition is easier than PCM in execution, but it exhibits worse signal to resound ratio for the same information rate. But it is good for informations compaction. DIGITAL DATA, ANALOG SIGNAL Different digital transition techniques are: Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK ) A transition technique in which digital information is represented as fluctuations in the amplitude of a bearer moving ridge is called Amplitude-shift keying ( ASK ) . One binary figure is represented by presence of bearer, at changeless amplitude and the other binary figure represented by absence of bearer. 3.3.2 Frequency Shift Keying ( FSK ) In frequence displacement identifying different frequences are used to stand for incoming digital information. Say in instance of Binary Frequency Shift Keying f1 is used to stand for 0 while f2 is used to stand for 1. In MFSK more than two frequences are used and therefore bandwidth is more expeditiously utilised. 3.3.3 Phase Shift Keying ( PSK ) A digital transition technique in which information is transmitted by modulating and altering the stage of the mention signal is called Phase-shift keying ( PSK ) . In instance of PSK, a finite figure of stages are used. A alone form of binary spots is assigned to each of these stages. By and large, each stage encodes an equal figure of spots. The symbol is formed by each form of spots that is represented by the peculiar stage. The bandwidth of ASK and PSK are specified as: Whereas the bandwidth of FSK is given as: Where, Roentgen is the spot rate DF = f2 – fc = fc – f1 Chapter # 04 CHANNEL Cryptography 4.0 Introduction Why Channel Cryptography? In modern digital communicating systems information is represented in spot watercourses, which are so modulated to analog wave forms before being transmitted onto a channel. At receiving system this parallel information is demodulated into spot streams, but because of the presence of intervention and noise in the communicating channel this spot watercourse may be corrupted. So to minimise happening of spots in mistake and protect digital information from channel noise and intervention channel cryptography is used. How Channel Coding is performed? Additional redundant spots are added to the message informations watercourse to execute channel cryptography, these excess spots assist in mistake sensing and rectification at the receiving system ‘s terminal. Channel Coding at the cost of? Channel Coding is performed at the cost of bandwidth enlargement and information rate decrease. 4.1 TYPES OF CHANNEL CODING TECHNIQUES There are two chief types of channel coding techniques, Block Codes Convolutional Codes. Block Codes accepts thousand figure of information spots and bring forth a block of n figure of encoded spots, and therefore are normally known as ( n.k ) block codifications. Some common illustrations of block codifications are Overacting Codes and Reed Solomon Codes. Convolutional Coding is frontward error rectification technique that is presently most widely used in modern communicating systems, this peculiar technique is used for real-time mistake rectification. Unlike block codifications which append excess spots at the terminal of original message signal, Convolutional coding organize a new codeword utilizing original informations watercourse. The encoded spots are non entirely dependent on K current input spots but at the same clip on case in point input spots. 4.2 CONVOLUTIONAL CODES In this undertaking Convolutional Coding is implemented. Convolutional Codes are farther classified as 1. Trellis Coded Modulation ( TCM ) 2.Turbo Codes. Trellis Coded Modulation ( TCM ) is non recursive, non systematic and does non necessitate an interleaver. Turbo Codes on the other manus are recursive, systematic, parallel structured and they besides require interleaver. In Wideband CDMA systems TCM is used for all channels while Turbo Codes may be used for DCH and FACH channels. Turbo Codes are sometimes classified as separate subdivision of Channel Codes so from here onwards word Convolutional Code will merely be used for TCM. Types of Transmission Channels Convolutional Cryptography 1/2 BCH PCH DCH, FACH 1/2, 1/3 Turbo Coding 1/3 4.3 CONVOLUTIONAL CODE REPRESENTATIONS 4.3.1 Polynomial Representation No. of input information spots = K No. of encoded spots = Ns No. of phases ( Constraint Length ) = K Code Rate = k/n Encoded CodeWord = U The undermentioned illustration shows how Convolutional Codes are represented. Let g1 ( x ) and g2 ( ten ) be encoder multinomials, where g1 ( x ) = 1 + x + x2 g2 ( x ) = 1 + x2 Let input message spot stream be 101, hence input message spot stream multinomial will be, m ( x ) = 1 + x2 The encoded codeword ‘U ‘ will be combination of merchandise of g1 ( x ) with m ( x ) and g2 ( x ) with m ( x ) , m ( x ) x g1 ( x ) = 1 + 1.x + 0.x2 + 1.x3 + 1.x4 m ( x ) x g2 ( x ) = 1 + 0.x + 0.x2 + 0.x3 + 1.x4 Therefore the codeword ‘U ‘ , becomes U = ( 1,1 ) + ( 1,0 ) .x + ( 0,0 ) .x2 + ( 1,0 ) .x3 + ( 1,1 ) .x4 U = 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4.3.2 State Transition Diagram Convolutional Coding can be represented utilizing State Transition Diagram. Following are State Transition Diagram and State Transition Again for the same input spot stream 10100, the codeword U = 11 10 00 10 11. In the input message last two ’00 ‘ spots are tail spots. 4.3.2 Block Diagram Representation The undermentioned diagram shows block diagram representation of Convolutional Coding with Code Rate = 1/2 Constraint Length ( No. of Stages ) = 3 The undermentioned illustration illustrates the procedure of Convolutional Coding utilizing block diagram representation for input spot stream 101. So the concluding codeword becomes, U = 11 10 00 10 11 4.3.2 Trellis Diagram Representation For input spot stream 101, the following diagram shows how Convolutional Coding is performed utilizing Trellis Diagram Chapter # 05 PULSE SHAPING TECHNIQUES 3.0 Introduction Why Pulse Determining? It is done in order to cut down Inter Symbol Interference normally known as ISI. How Pulse Shaping is performed? In order to accomplish zero-ISI the overall system response must be equal to Nyquist frequence response. 5.1 RAISED COSINE FILTER Inter Symbol Interference significantly degrades the informations sensor ability to distinguish between a current symbol from diffused energy of next symbol. This leads to the sensing of mistake and increases BER. So in order to provide ISI, a real-time realisation of Nyquist filter is applied in modern communicating systems. Raised cosine filter is one of the realisation of Nyquist filter. where R = ‘roll-off factor ‘ = 1 ? R ? 0 and T = ‘symbol period ‘ = 1/R Roll-off factor determines the filter bandwidth and represents a tradeoff between the acuteness of the passage set of the filter and impulse response pealing magnitude of the filter. A Nyquist filter has following belongingss: Time response finally goes to zero in a clip period precisely equal to the symbol spacing. By trying the symbol sequence at a given symbol clip point, present symbol is non affected by the energy distributing from the next symbols. The impulse response and the frequence response of the RC filter is Time response of the RC filter goes to zero with a period that precisely equal to the symbol spacing. As the response equals zero at all symbol times except for the coveted one none of the next symbols interfere with each other. 5.2 ROOT RAISED COSINE FILTER RC filter is divided into a root raised cosine ( RRC ) filter brace, with one at the transmitter terminal, which performs the pulsation defining in order to restrain the modulated signal bandwidth, and the other at the receiver terminal, that performs matched sensing for optimising the SNR of a known signal in AWGN presence. The Root Raised Cosine filter is so named because its transportation map precisely is the square root of the transportation map of the Raised Cosine filter. Where R = roll off factor and T is symbol period. The RRC filter bandwidth is equal to the root mean square ( RMS ) amplitude 2R. The impulse response and the frequence response of the RRC filter is Both RC and RRC have similar pulsation forms, but the RRC pulsation makes somewhat faster passages, therefore the spectrum of RRC pulsation decays more quickly every bit compared to the RC pulsation. Another of import difference between both pulsations is that the RRC pulsation does non hold zero Inter Symbol Interference. Because of the fact that RRC filter is used at sender and receiver both, the merchandise of these transportation maps is a raised cosine, which will ensue in zero ISI end product. 5.3 ROLL OFF FACTOR The roll-off factor, R, is a step of the extra bandwidth of the filter, i.e. the bandwidth occupied beyond the Nyquist bandwidth of 1/2T. Where a?† f is extra bandwidth and Rs is symbol rate. Chapter # 06 SPREAD SPECTRUM Spread spectrum is a type of transition where the information is spread across the full frequence spectrum. This procedure of distributing the information across the full spectrum helps signal against noise and intervention. These techniques are largely employed in cell phones and besides with wireless LAN ‘s. To measure up as a spread spectrum signal, two standards must be met The familial signal bandwidth must be in surplus of the information bandwidth. Some map other than the informations being transmitted is used to set up the bandwidth of the attendant transmittal. Why Spread Spectrum? Due to its sole and curious belongingss spread spectrum is preferred over other transition strategies. Some of these belongingss are characterized as advantages and disadvantages of a basic spread spectrum system below. Advantages †¢ It reduces the effects of multipath intervention and at times removes them wholly. †¢ Frequency set is shared at the same time with other users. †¢ Pseudo random codifications guarantee protection of transmittal and privateness. †¢ As the signal is spread over an full spectrum it has a low power spectral denseness. Disadvantages †¢ Due to distributing operation it consumes more bandwidth. †¢ It is at times hard to implement. Types of Spread Spectrum Techniques Most normally used techniques in a spread spectrum systems are Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum A frequence skiping dispersed spectrum hops from one narrow set to another all within a wider set. In general the frequence hopper sender sends informations packages at one bearer frequence and so leaps to another bearer frequence before directing ore packages and continues the same modus operandi throughout the period of transmittal. The form that emerges seems to be random but is in fact periodic and easy traceable by pre configured sender and receiving system. These systems can be vulnerable to resound at a peculiar hop but normally are able to direct packages during the following hop. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Most widely used technique of spread spectrum is the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. A Direct Sequence Transmitter receives the entrance informations watercourse which is to be transmitted and so change over it into a symbol watercourse where the size of a symbol can be one or more spots. Using any of the transition strategies for digital systems such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ( QAM ) or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ( QPSK ) this symbol watercourse is multiplied to a noise like sequence known as imposter random sequence. It is besides know as a bit sequence. As a consequence of this generation the bandwidth of the transmittal is significantly increased. Figure 3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum System Figure 3. shows the working of a basic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum system. For lucidity intents, one channel is shown working in one way merely. Transmission For each channel a distinguishable and different Pseudo random codification is generated. In order to distribute the informations the information watercourse is multiplied with the antecedently generated Pseudo random codification. The signal obtained as a consequence of this generation is so modulated onto a bearer. This modulated bearer wave form is so amplified before broadcast medium. Reception The bearer moving ridge is amplified every bit shortly as it is received by the receiving system. The signal received is so multiplied with a locally generated bearer which gives the spreaded signal. Again a Pseudo random codification is generated on the footing of the signal expected. The procedure of correlativity is carried out on the standard signal and the generated codification which gives the original message signal. Pseudo-Random Noise The spread spectrum systems are constructed really similar to other conventional systems. The difference being the add-on of pseudo random generators both at the sender and the receiving system which generate the Pseudo noise sequences required for the functionality of Direct Sequence spread spectrum. These pseudo random noise sequences are used for distributing the signal at the transmitter side and dispreading at the receiver side. A pseudo noise sequence is made up of a figure of symbols which are called french friess. It is imperative that a good codification is selected for its type and length straight affects the system capableness. A alone codification is generated for each channel. All the transmittals for a peculiar user are so added together. At the receiving system each user generates its ain matching codification in order to retrieve the original signals. In order to measure up as a imposter random codification and proper functionality a codification must hold the undermentioned belongingss. The imposter random codification must be deterministic so that the receiving system can bring forth the exact codification as used by the sender It should be random for any hearer who does non hold the cognition of the codification being used so that it appears as noise to any interferer or eavesdropper. Two codifications must be indistinguishable and have no or really little relevancy to each other. The codification should non reiterate shortly there must be a long clip before that happens. Maximal length sequences Maximal Length sequences can be generated by the aid of displacement registries with feedback applied on them. These sequences meet all the conditions for distributing sequences really purely. The cross correlativity between this sequence and noise is really low, which helps in observing signal out of noise in the receiving system. These sequences are really utile for encoding as they besides have a really low cross correlativity with each other. The entropy belongingss of maximum length sequences can be seen here. Gold Sequence In order to make two gold sequences, two maximal length sequences are to be combined. They have a really low auto-correlation which enables CDMA systems to convey asynchronously. Gold sequences are constructed by modulo-2 add-on of two maximum length sequences of same length chosen from braces of preferable m-sequences. Walsh Codes Walsh codifications have to be created from hadamard matrices. All generated Walsh codifications would be extraneous to each other. The basic hadamard matrix is shown below. These sequences provide low cross-correlation between each other. Second, the figure of 1 ‘s is same as the figure of 1 ‘s in each codeword. By looking at the matrix above, Walsh codes with different lengths can be generated with the aid of recursion. For a clear apprehension Walsh codes with length equal to 4 are illustrated below. = Spreading the Signal Signal spreading is achieved when the signal is multiplied bitwise with the imposter random sequence. Figure 4. Below gives an penetration into how two spots are multipliied to a pseudo random sequence holding a length of 8 and the its corresponding consequence on the frequence spectrum. Spreading procedure of two spots with the aid of an 8-chip PN sequence is shown on the left side and the consequence of this distributing on the signal ‘s frequence spectrum is shown on the right side of figure. 4 Figure 4. The rule of signal spreading De-spreading the Signal De-spreading of the signal is carried out by multiplying each spot of the signal to its correspond imposter random codification and the consequence is summed bitwise. Figure 5. describes the procedure of de-spreading when a imposter random signal of length 8 is used for transmittal and the de-spreaded signal is equal to the dispersed signal. De-spreading procedure of two spots with a PN sequence of 8-bit is shown on left side and the consequence of the de-spreading on the signal ‘s frequence spectrum is shown on the right. Figure 5. The rule of signal de-spreading Consequence of Spreading on Bandwidth Figure 1. As a consequence of distributing operation the signal ‘s frequence is spread over a wider bandwidth Spread spectrum transition is applied in tandem with some other digitial transition strategies such as QAM or QPSK. Consequence of Despreading on Bandwidth Figure 2. The despreading operation recovers the original signal. A spread spectrum transition is applied in coherency with a conventional demodulation process in order to retrieve the original signal. Multiple Access Capability The standard signal s1 is detected by the receiving system summed with the other signal s2. The signal s1 which is for user 1 is merely extracted at the receiving system for user 1 whereas the signal s2 appears to be as noise in comparing to the user 1 signal s1. This is shown in Figure 6. below For efficient recovery of the informations from user 1 it is must that the signal appearance as noise has adequately low energy in the information bandwidth of signal s1. Spreaded informations multi-users De-spreaded informations multi-users Spreaded informations multi-users De-spreaded informations multi-usersFigure 6. Multiple Access Capibility when user 1 recovers signal s1 Chapter # 07 DESIGN OF A CDMA BASED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 7.1 THE Sender 7.1.1 Source Encoding In order to do incoming message compatible with the communicating system beginning cryptography is used. In this undertaking NRZ encoding strategy is used so that the incoming message signal becomes compatible with the walsh codifications which are besides in NRZ signifier. NRZ encoding provides a better use of the bandwidth, besides if we compare it with AMI strategy it is more efficient because in that receiving system has to separate between three different degrees and it requires more signal power. While the Manchester and differential Manchester strategies have transition rate twice or more than that of NRZ so therefore they require greater bandwidth. 7.1.2 Channel Encoding Channel encryption is performed so that spot mistakes can be reduced at the receiving system ; besides it protects the information from channel noise and intervention. In this undertaking we have used Convolutional Encoding technique and so hold tried to upgrade our system utilizing Low Density Parity Check ( LDPC ) . LDPC improves channel capacity as it approaches to Shannon capacity bound. Both Convolutional encoder and LDPC encoder organize a codeword based on the incoming message signal. We have used ? rate encoders that means that we have two input spots and the end product is traveling to be four spots. For Convolutional encoder inbuilt matlab treillage construction along with convenc bid has been used while in instance of LDPC fecldpc.enc bid is used to do LDPC object utilizing thin H matrix and so message is encoded utilizing LDPC object by encode bid. 7.1.3 Spreading The cardinal standard of spreading is transverse correlativity and car correlativity of message symbols. In instance of a CDMA based communicating system as there are many users that at the same time transmit informations so the system must hold good cross correlativity belongingss. This generates the demand of extraneous codifications so Walsh codifications are used. Walsh codifications have good cross correlativity belongingss. In this undertaking direct sequence spread spectrum ( DSSS ) technique has been employed to distribute the signal across the full bandwidth. 7.1.4 Digital Transition Transition is a technique that facilitates the message signal to be transmitted over the medium. In instance of digital transition, digital signal is modulated utilizing amplitude displacement keying, frequence displacement keying and stage displacement identifying etc. We have implemented Binary PSK, BPSK uses two symbols that have opposite stage to each other to modulate 0 and 1.Sampling frequence of 44 kilohertzs and a information rate of 2 kilohertz has been used in this system. In instance of LDPC modulate bid has been used to modulate the signal. 7.1.5 Pulse Determining The consequence of inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) is minimized by the aid of pulse determining procedure. In this undertaking Root Raised Cosine Filter has been used at the transmitter side to determine the pulsation so as to restrict the bandwidth of the modulated signal. By utilizing this technique bandwidth is limited but the signal spreads in so there must be a threshold in order to counter this job, this threshold is known as Nyquist bound. It is fundamentally a low base on balls filter with a axial rotation off factor 0.5 which has been used in this undertaking. 7.1.6 Symbol Packing In symbol wadding, a preparation sequence is appended at the start and terminal of the signal. Besides in add-on to this about 1000 nothings are inserted at the terminal and start of the signal. These are added so that even if the receiving system fails to have initial spots these spots are extra nothings and non the message signal. 7.2 THE CHANNEL In a communicating system channel could be wired or wireless. Different channels have different features. When of all time we talk about a channel we talk about noise, it is fundamentally the unwanted electrical signal that confines the receiving system ability to take right determinations. Channel noise degrades the end product really rapidly. Small channel does n’t do much difference to the end product signal but big channel noise well degrades the signal. In instance of little channel noise the lone noise that is present in the system is quantization noise. Another of import factor in a communicating system is Inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) . When the channel bandwidth is non much greater than signal bandwidth the spreading of the signal causes ISI. Normally, the radio channel is modeled with AWGN channel. A thermic noise beginning is used to distribute an equal sum of noise power per unit bandwidth over all frequences that is the ground why a simple theoretical account for thermic noise presumes that its power spectral denseness Gn ( degree Fahrenheit ) is level for all frequences, as is denoted as: Gn ( degree Fahrenheit ) = N0/2 watts/hertz 7.3 THE Receiver 7.3.1 Synchronism In this system, it is assumed that the receiving system is on all the clip. Therefore whenever the sender will direct the message signal, there should be some manner through which the receiving system can find where its signal of involvement is. This can be done by correlating the preparation sequence with the standard signal. The portion where the maximal correlativity occurs would be the start of the signal and the 2nd upper limit in the correlativity would give the terminal of the message signal. 7.3.2 Matched Filtering The standard signal is passed through root raised cosine filter in order to execute matched filtering and down trying at the receiver terminal. Normally RC filter is divided into a root raised cosine ( RRC ) filter brace, with one at the transmitter terminal, which performs the pulsation defining in order to restrain the modulated signal bandwidth, and the other at the receiver terminal, that performs matched sensing for optimising SNR of a known signal in AWGN presence. 7.3.3 Demodulation The signal is demodulated by multiplying it by the bearer signal. The end product would be demodulated signal, but this demodulated signal would be sum of all the spreaded signals. 7.3.4 Despreading In order to pull out the single message signal of each user, the spreaded signal is so once more multiplied by the Walsh codification and is so integrated over a symbol clip. 7.3.5 Channel Decoding If the channel cryptography was non employed by the sender, so the despreaded messages would be the standard signals. In the channel coding instance, the signal will hold to be decoded by utilizing the viterbi decrypting map in matlab. 7.3.6 Source Decoding While executing beginning cryptography we had used NRZ encoding strategy, so now at the receiving system this encoded message is once more decoded back to its original signifier. How to cite Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay, Essay examples

Definition of Materiality Management

Question: Describe about the Materiality? Answer: Definition of Materiality: Any piece of information is considered to be material when its omission or its mis-statement would lead to the wrong decisions making by the users of the financial statements. The materiality of any transaction depends upon the nature and the amount of the item that has been judged in the circumstances when the same has been omitted or misstated. When the nature of the materiality is being considered, it becomes very difficult to consider the concept except when it relates with the qualitative characteristics of relevance and the faithful representation. Therefore, the materiality is something that decides whether the information will affect the decision making of the user of the financial information or not. (IFRS, 2015) Examples of materiality: For example the Cookie Jar reserves: Many of the companies try and build the excess reserves with the intention that the same could be used to inflate the income in the time of need. For example, the company increases its loan reserves when it recognizes the expenses in excess for 3 periods with the aim of reducing the stated reserve. The net effect of the transaction is that there is a cumulative approach that focusses on the misstatement amount at the end of the period that calculates the quantitative materiality based on that misstatement. Sometimes, he companies hold the current period amounts and the cumulative approaches yield an altogether different figure. For example the firm has a recurring late cut off error so that the current year sales includes the sake of the next year and the also the previous sales. All the figures must state the amount that is included for all the previous amounts and the same must be quantified so that the amounts are correctly reported. (www3.nd.edu, 2015) Articulation of the financial statements: There are two elements that have a connection in the way in which the assets, liabilities and the net assets are changed and are affected by the change in the elements of another type. At any period of given period, the cumulative result of the transactions is an increase in the asset that cannot occur without the corresponding decrease in either another asset or a decrease in the liability. These are the relations that are sometimes called articulation. It results in the interconnection of the financial type. The assets, liabilities of an organization describes the amounts of the resources that an organization has and the claims that the organizations has as against it. All of these elements affect the transactions and the other such events that affects the entity during the regular course of the activities. When it comes to a business enterprise, the second type of the element includes the revenues, expenses, gains, losses and the investment by the owners and the distribution of the same to the owners. When it comes to not for profit organization, it includes revenues, expenses, gains and losses. (FASB, 2015) References: /www3.nd.edu, (2015). Quantitative Materiality Perspectives and Auditors Disposition of Detected Misstatements. [online] Available at: https://www3.nd.edu/~carecob/Workshops/03-04%20Workshops/Nelson.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015]. www.fasb.org, (2015). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6. [online] Available at: https://www.fasb.org/resources/ccurl/792/293/CON6.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015]. www.ifrs.org, (2015). Conceptual Framework Qualitative Characteristics 4: Definitions of understandability and materiality. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/Meetings/MeetingDocs/IASB/Archive/Conceptual-Framework/Previous%20Work/CF-0507b07b.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015].

When Technology and Content Combine 8 Inspiring Examples

The increasing number of new technologies has meant that businesses have more ways than ever to amplify the impact of their content. From virtual reality and drones to new video marketing techniques, cutting-edge technology is helping many businesses stand out online. Here are eight brands that have managed to use technology to maximize the impact of their content marketing. Virtual Reality The New York Times First published in 1851, the New York Times is still one of the most popular newspapers in the U.S., which is partly due to their ability to adapt. Their recent creation, NYTVR, is the most recent example of this. NYTVR aims to provide users with a low-cost and immersive virtual reality experience, allowing viewers to get upclose and personal with news stories. These 360 degree videos take viewers on a journey to places they likely have never or will never go: a trip into space with a flight over Pluto, a tour of the hottest place on earth or a swim with dolphins.†The Daily 360† now offers viewers a new 360 degree video every day. Excedrin Excedrin developed a virtual reality simulator to show people how migraines are more than â€Å"just a bad headache.† The Migraine Simulator imitates migraine symptoms like blurred vision, blinking spots and dizziness, to show non-sufferers the seriousness of the condition. The subsequent press coverage highlighted the struggles that many of its customers face and put Excedrin back into the spotlight. Drones National Geographic The classic magazine focused on the natural world continues to experiment with new media. In 2016, they teamed up with oceanographer Leigh Torres to take aerial drone footage of a blue whale lunging for krill. The video has now received over one million views on YouTube. Camisaria Colombo Interactive Video Nike and Lidyana Online fashion retailer Lidyana and Nike teamed up to make an interactive video, showing a young woman waking up and then exercising. Viewers first choose the exercise for the main character to perform. Interactive buttons then appear on her clothing, giving viewers the opportunity to learn more about the merchandise and even add items straight to their shopping cart via the video. Only For their new range of jeans, the french fashion brand Only created an online interactive video that was part film, part fashion catalog and part music video. As you watch the film, you can freeze the video and interact with the merchandise worn by the girls. You can like, browse, pin, tweet and buy every item of clothing. You can even download the video’s soundtrack. Within two weeks of the video’s release, their website received over 280,000 visits. Live Streaming It’s no longer just sports events that are streamed live online. Streaming apps like Periscope and the Facebook Live function have given content marketers the platform to engage with audiences in new and exciting ways. Grazia UK Dunkin’ Donuts It’s no surprise that Dunkin’ Donuts relies on visuals in most of their marketing campaigns. Who hasn’t been tempted to eat a donut after seeing a picture of one? To take it another level, Dunkin’ used Valentine’s Day as an opportunity to live-stream its test kitchen. Viewers could see how they created their products and the video ended with the creation of a gigantic, donut-themed wedding cake. The video attracted over 43,000 viewers, which is pretty impressive. New Technology to Help Your Business As the online marketing space becomes more crowded, brands are looking for new ways to deliver great content and attract more attention. Traditional content like blog posts are still a valuable part of any marketing strategy. But by using new technologies, you can make more people take notice of your brand. The good news is that these technologies are becoming more diverse and accessible meaning that you can use them to inspire your audience. With these examples in mind, what innovative ways could you use technology to take your content to the next level?

Free Essays on Intel

MGT 487 Group Case Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 External Threats External Opportunities Internal Strengths Internal Weaknesses Alternate Strategies Choice of Strategies Implementation Executive Summary Intel faces external threats that from their competitors and legal environment. Some of their direct competitors include Advanced Microdevices Inc., Samsung, and Texas Instruments. The outside physical and legal environment is also a threat that Intel has had to contend with throughout their existence. These threats have proven to be significant and must be dealt with in an efficient and tactile manner. The external opportunities that Intel can look to are those of the global markets. Intel is noticing areas in all parts of the global that may prove to be very beneficial. After the global market is examined Intel also realizes that the technological advancements of cellphones and wireless technologies must be tamed. These areas offer a large growth potential for the company. The internal strengths that Intel can rely on are the fact that they are the worlds largest chip manufacturer. Holding the top rank gives Intel a name recognition and familiarity that they can use to their benefit. A large portion of Intel’s success is due to their CEO Andrew S. Grove. Intel’s financial ratios and analysis show that they are increasing their numbers from previous levels. Intel’s large structure also causes one of their major internal weaknesses. Large corporate entities must deal with procedural â€Å"red tape†. Financially Intel is facing a slowing desktop PC market and must adapt accordingly. Internally Intel has had complications of their own causing many delays on their developments. The large span between employees and management has caused some internal weaknesses as well. Overall, Intel has multiple areas of opportunities to grow. They can choose the communications and ... Free Essays on Intel Free Essays on Intel MGT 487 Group Case Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 External Threats External Opportunities Internal Strengths Internal Weaknesses Alternate Strategies Choice of Strategies Implementation Executive Summary Intel faces external threats that from their competitors and legal environment. Some of their direct competitors include Advanced Microdevices Inc., Samsung, and Texas Instruments. The outside physical and legal environment is also a threat that Intel has had to contend with throughout their existence. These threats have proven to be significant and must be dealt with in an efficient and tactile manner. The external opportunities that Intel can look to are those of the global markets. Intel is noticing areas in all parts of the global that may prove to be very beneficial. After the global market is examined Intel also realizes that the technological advancements of cellphones and wireless technologies must be tamed. These areas offer a large growth potential for the company. The internal strengths that Intel can rely on are the fact that they are the worlds largest chip manufacturer. Holding the top rank gives Intel a name recognition and familiarity that they can use to their benefit. A large portion of Intel’s success is due to their CEO Andrew S. Grove. Intel’s financial ratios and analysis show that they are increasing their numbers from previous levels. Intel’s large structure also causes one of their major internal weaknesses. Large corporate entities must deal with procedural â€Å"red tape†. Financially Intel is facing a slowing desktop PC market and must adapt accordingly. Internally Intel has had complications of their own causing many delays on their developments. The large span between employees and management has caused some internal weaknesses as well. Overall, Intel has multiple areas of opportunities to grow. They can choose the communications and ...

World Literature. Don Quixote & Doctor Faustus Essay

World Literature. Don Quixote & Doctor Faustus - Essay Example While one was ruled by greed (Doctor Faustus), other was ruled by a passion for chivalry (Don Quixote). Thus the basic plots of these stories, and the enduring images presented in them exhibit the protagonists’ single minded pursuits. This forms one of the distinguishing expressions of the Western men. Each of them embodies an arte and a hubris, an exceptional prowess and a vitiating excess, in spheres of action that are particularly important to our culture (Ian Watt, Pg. viii). Though both the men are of extraordinary temperaments, Don Quixote is more appealing of the two characters and more realistic. He is a real man of flesh and blood, an idealistic and a romantic. He would continue to grow in history as long as chivalry and love pervades. On the other hand, Faust resembles more of an idea. He is a fanatic, a genius who has sold his soul to the devil in a bid to gain supreme knowledge and power for twenty four years. Don Quixote wins our pity and scorn but Faust earns onl y our resentment. No one sympathizes with him when he meets his cruel end.

Why america should legalize marijuana Research Paper

Why america should legalize marijuana - Research Paper Example Following the call of Miron, huge expenditure is incurred on housing of the offenders of these drugs and on preventive measures against this practice. In fact, an expected saving of $7.7 billion on this ground is estimated if the drug is legalized. According to the executive summary of a report submitted by Miron, â€Å"The report estimates that legalizing marijuana would save $7.7 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition. $5.3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and local governments, while $2.4 billion would accrue to the federal government† (Miron). Another estimate shows that the taxpayers of United States incur an excess expenditure of $12 billion, which go into the fund spent for agendas conducted against marijuana intake, research on the drug, prohibiting domestic cultivation of marijuana, imposition of the law, prosecution and arrests of the smokers of marijuana. (â€Å"Should the U.S. Legalize Marijuana?†) Legalizing ma rijuana might save these costs. Also, forcefully trying to stop the sale of marijuana might not simply bring down the number of drug dealers. They might either engage in black marketing or simply deal with other harmful substances. When a certain good is prohibited it opens doors to black market activities and consequently the corruption and crime related to black market activities. If the drug is legalized it will lead to the reallocation of important resources of the nation. For instance, cannabis when legally distributed might be put to various useful purposes apart from drugs, for example it can be used for making paper, rope, soap, lotions, fuel and lubricants. It has found use in several medicines. (â€Å"Should the U.S. Legalize Mariuana?†) In fact the black market price of marijuana in United States is USD 10.4 per gram, higher than the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia etc. (â€Å"Price of Marijuana in the

Some Aplication of Mechanical Engineering Term Paper

Some Aplication of Mechanical Engineering - Term Paper Example Mechanical engineering demonstrates its diversity in solving various challenges as mechatronics shows by providing a platform where sensors, actuators, signaling, electrical control, algorithms alongside computing assistance to provide stability to various connectivity needs in engineering systems. Apparently, the root of the name originates from mechanical and electronics, which implies that both phases of intervention towards solving specific challenges are crucial in the design of engineering products. Four main systems are managed in mechatronics namely, information, mechanical, computer and electrical, to provide a composite application in which mechanical engineering is put to test. Commonest application designs for mechatronics include home security applications, implant devices, jet engines, robotics, antilock brake, and intelligent highways among many more designs. The basic applications in this category appears to be and structural control (Bolton, 1995). To this end, the m echatronics aspect of mechanical engineering is considered key in industrial and semi-conductor revolutions as discussed below. Massive mechanical energy utilization fueled he industrial revolution that shaped the human civilization and introduced unprecedented differences to quality of life. Mechanical engineering designs formed the bulk of the industry that was rapidly taking shape from astronomical demand for energy to power the revolution. Gears and levers were among the commonest components of the mechanical engineering designs. Other components utilized in the revolution included cams and linkages that assisted in reduction of power demand and inefficiency incurred. Improvements towards the later stages of the revolution introduced mechatronics components that integrated electrical enhancement for the engineering designs (Fukuda, Harshama and Tomizuka, 1996). Learning from the potential that electronic enhancement could bring to mechanical designs, the world was prepared to

Impact of Beliefs on Learning | Essay

Impact of Beliefs on Learning | Essay CPPD Introduction Reflection has become a fundamental component of professional development of teachers and lecturers in the Further Education (FE) and Higher Education (HE) sector (Harkin, 2005). The lifelong learning sector can be seen to transcend both these paradigms and contexts of post-compulsory learning. This essay addresses some key elements of reflecting upon the experience of a teacher in Beauty Therapy within the lifelong learning sector, addressing the intersection between the personal and experiential and the theoretical/pedagogical aspects of the role and its function. Teaching roles and context within the lifelong learning sector Teaching roles within the lifelong learning sector seem to be related to the kind of teaching, the kind of subject, and the kind of learner (Zukas, 2006), a three-way relationship which I have observed to be perhaps more negotiated upon a day to day basis than founded in one single pedagogical theory or framework. It is notable that within the lifelong learning sector, there seems to be a crossover between the vocational type of education, and more traditional ‘teaching’, and in particular, these roles of ‘teachers’ are very much based on how best to meet student needs. Therefore, it seems that one element of the teaching role within this context is related to learning ‘on the job’ or learning through doing (Eraut, 2004), and the ‘becoming’ element of the process of ‘becoming’ a teacher in this context is a response to the demands of the job, rather than a formal process which prepares you to carry out the role. While t his might run against the theories of pedagogy, being a much more personal take on what the teaching role is, it is based on perceptions of professional identity as well as an understanding of dominant concepts of the role in a formal sense (Beckett and Gough, 2004). Austerlitz and James (2008) describe the emotional journeys that students go through in further education as a process of cognition through which emotions help students to appraise situations and develop knowledge and understanding. This may be an important perspective to consider within the lifelong learning sector, because of the range of types of students and types of subjects that are prevalent within this sector. There is no single student demographic, no single approach to pedagogy, no one-size-fits-all model of teaching and learning. Bathmaker and Avis (2005) carried out research into professional identity formation amongst trainee FE lecturers, and found that â€Å"rather than identifying effective processes of increasing participation in existing communities of practice, a strong sense of marginalisation and alienation amongst trainees was observed† (p 47). Bathmaker and Avis (2005) suggest that this lack of engagement in communities of practice is â€Å"detrimental both to trainees and experienced lecturers if they are to actively engage in building new forms of professionalism for the future† (p 47). I would draw from this the concept that formal training processes do not necessarily pos itively contribute to role formation, definition and professional identity, and that learning is much more experiential and interactive. Hagger et al (2008) support this view, and suggest that experiential learning dominates learning of this type. Own teaching role and context within the lifelong learning sector My own teaching role is to teach and support students to learn on two levels. The first is to learn the practical skills and abilities of the beauty therapy industry, so that they can become capable, effective practitioners. Beauty therapy is no ‘soft option’. In fact, there is a great deal of precision, dexterity and deeper learning involved in acquiring the skills to function as a therapist. The second element of the learning is for students to develop knowledge and understanding of the body, of health, of individuals and their holistic wellbeing, in order to contextualise the activities that they carry out within their roles, and to be able to provide suitable treatments, therapies and the like to appropriate clients. The third element of the role is to support students to develop the communication and interaction skills necessary to be able to bring together knowledge and practical skill into their own ‘professional role’ and identity, and work effective ly as a therapist within a team. My role within this setting is to ‘teach’, but also to facilitate learning, raise difficult issues, support students to resolve complex questions, and act as a role model. Part of my role is to assess practical activities, and then provide feedback so that students can learn from their experiences and learn to improve their own practice through reflection and evaluation (Edwards and Nicoll, 2006; Solomon et al, 2006). My role also involves becoming more aware of the impact of my role on the students, and attempt to be as good a ‘teacher’ as I can be. More and more, however, my role involves other activities, including administration, engaging in marketing and recruitment activities, and looking for new topics and curriculum developments (Chivers, 2006). Impact of own beliefs, assumptions and behaviours on learners and others My own beliefs about learning affect not only the learners who I interact with, but also their interactions with others, particularly clients. I believe that my own actions, reflections, and the way I respond to emergent situations within the teaching context are likely to affect the students and how they learn as much as the formal, planned learning activities I provide for them. It is through reflection on my actions as a teacher that I have realised that reflection itself becomes a reflexive process, which changes the way I behave and react to students, which then changes their responses to me. Austerlitz and James (2008) have developed a model which describes and captures PPD statements which are used in the further and higher education sectors (see Figure 1). Figure 1 PPD Model (after Austerlitz and James, 2008). This model encompasses many of my own beliefs about the ways in which students interact with their learning processes, and in particular, how they respond to my teaching and learning activities. Every aspect of learning must have an emotional element, and to exclude this from pedgagogical processes and theories is to overlook important aspects of how students learn and how they behave when applying that learning. Yet there is some evidence that current perceptions of teaching roles within the FE sector are also changing (Thompson and Robinson, 2008). I believe that the Austerlitz and James (2008) model could provide a means by which students could themselves identify the emotional elements of their learning and address this, through reflection, in proactive ways. Impact of own professional, personal and interpersonal skills, including literacy, numeracy and ICT skills on learners and others. I have used a range of teaching approaches, including some innovative use of ICTs, including using ICTs to make posters and mind maps, to encourage the application of new knowledge and exploration of complex situations. These have had a positive effect on some students who relate well to ICTs, particularly younger students, and have also helped students who are more visual learners. However, in relation to professionalism, I think it is my professional skills and experience which have positively impacted on students’ development of awareness and understanding of the complex interactions between beauty therapist and client. The current social construction of beauty, particularly in relation to ageing, raises issues about client experiences and emotional/psychological wellbeing (Paulson, 2008; Radley, 2000). Students need to understand the emotions and thoughts which underlie the desire that women have for the different kinds of beauty therapies, and be able to interact in a cre dible way with clients and meet their requests in appropriate ways. My own professionalism helps this because I set a good example, exemplify proper interactions, and support students to address often challenging issues such as intimacy, privacy, body-image and the like. Conclusion Overall, the most important aspect of my role as an educator is as a role model, and not simply as a role model of good communications behaviours or good practical skills, but as a questioning, reflective, responsibly practitioner, who sees clients as individuals, not just in relation to their treatments. It is important not to simply perpetuate traditional ways of working, but to question practice and the self in the professional context, and by acting as a reflective practitioner myself, I can encourage my students to develop similar skills and perhaps become better professionals because of it. References Austerlitz, N. and James, A. (2008) Reflections on emotional journeys: a new perspective for reading fashion students’ PPD statements. Art, Design and Communication in Higher Education 6 (3) 209 – 219. Chivers, G. (2006) The work roles and development needs of vocational lifelong learning professionals in British higher education. Journal of European Industrial Training 30 (3) 166-187. Zukas, M. (2006) Pedagogic learning in the pedagogic workplace: educators’ lifelong learning and learning futures. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning 2 (3) 71-80.

Comparing Daystar and Those Winter Sundays Essay -- comparison compare

The two poems I have chosen to analyze are Daystar by Rita Dove and Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden. The poem Daystar struck me from my first reading of it because I do the same thing this woman did sometimes. The apartment I share with my husband has a balcony where I have planted some flowers, and sometimes when the whether is nice I drag a rocking chair out there into the sun and just sit and let my thoughts wander. This poem reminds me of those moments. The author uses imagery in the poem to make the experience of this one woman stand out vividly. The first lines of the poem say "she saw diapers steaming on the line / a doll slumped behind the door." The phrase "steaming on the line" is especially strong, making me able to feel the balmy heat of the day and the bright warm sunshine on my skin. Also, the diapers and doll may serve as symbols in this poem for all the cares that the woman carries in looking after her children. Right now she wants to put all that behind her, and doesn't want any reminders of it. She wants to escape into a place where there are no demands. Another visual image in this poem occurs when the woman is looking around her backyard, and she sees "the pinched armor of a vanished cricket, / a floating maple leaf." These are little things that catch your attention for a second, not things to sit an contemplate about. I think the point is that the woman doesn't really want to think about anything, she just wants to be. Sometimes she doesn't even want to look at anything, but instead close her eyes and see only "her own vivid blood." This image of the woman looking at her own blood makes it seem like this time alone reminds her that she is very "alive" -- that she has a free will and can... ...ut something the mother is doing for herself, while the second poem is all about the sacrifices the father made for his son. Comparing them shows the mother to be the more "selfish" of the two, in that her child and husband are distractions from her revelry, and they are somewhat burdensome to her. But the father is totally self-sacrificing -- getting up in the "blueblack cold," making a fire with "cracked hands that ached." He takes no thought for his own comfort, except, possibly, when he gets angry. This makes me think if the father had spent some time relaxing like the mother, maybe he wouldn't have gotten as angry. Maybe thinking of yourself every once in awhile is a good thing, I don't know, but it is interesting to note the contrast. I think mother in the first poem is person we can relate to, but the father in the second poem is a person we admire.

Career Satisfaction

Human beings possess the unique psychological ability to self-reflect. Few human experiences and behaviors define the self and allow us to characterize ourselves within the social world more than work and career. Career choice affects socioeconomic status, friends, political values, residence location, childcare, Job stress, and many other aspects of life. And while income is important in both career selection and career longevity, so are achievement, recognition, satisfaction, security, and challenge. A person has a choice in calling work a Job or a career.This decision usually accounts for factors such as time and interest the person puts into the work. In most cases, the work will be considered a Job when the person has Just begun working, or the person has no interest in the work and only works for the pay. Generally, the term career will be used when a person expresses interest and seeks out a specific type of work, or has spent a considerable amount of time working in that area . A Job may be Just something a person does to pay bills, where as a career is something a person chooses, prepares for, and incorporates into life and self- concept.I work as a mechanical engineer in the United States Navy. I showed interest in this line of work, sought it out, and have been working in the same area for thirteen years. By definition, my work is a career; therefore, I have been calling It as such. I plan to continue working in my career choice, advancing within the Navy's ranks and ultimately retiring. After the Navy, I Intend to start another career In the civilian sector. I haven't chosen whether I will continue In the engineering field or pursue something completely different.A lot can change In the years to come before tiring from the Navy, so I am keeping my options open by bettering my r ©sum © every chance I get. I chose this career for three reasons: service, stability, and structure. When I Joined the Navy, I wanted to serve my country. I felt honor In being a part of something bigger than myself. Serving In the military Is satisfying enough for me; however, I have a wife and kids. My choice to continue to serve In the Navy Is based on how my career affects my family. I place high Importance on stability and structure.The Navy can be a very stable career If a person possesses the right abilities and wants It to be. From the beginning of my enlistment, I wanted to make a career In the Navy and have worked to the best of my ablest. Because of this, I believe my career Is very stable and I have since served thirteen years. The structure within the Navy Is well defined. Promotion guldens are made available and clear, so I know exactly what I should do In order to get advanced. Being a part of something for the greater good, having stability, and structure provide for an overall career satisfaction.Work Is obviously a necessity In order to support a family. If I have to work, I may as well enjoy what I do. I have luckily been able to c ontinue a career In the area I take pleasure and excel In. My personality traits fit the work that I do, and I have Identified the traits I would Like to Improve on In order to continually develop my career. I am satisfied with what I have chosen. I am looking forward to the changes that will soon come as I progress In work and life. Career Satisfaction By red rocketed concept. I work as a mechanical engineer in the United States Navy.I showed thirteen years. By definition, my work is a career; therefore, I have been calling it as such. I plan to continue working in my career choice, advancing within the Navy's ranks and ultimately retiring. After the Navy, I intend to start another career in the civilian sector. I haven't chosen whether I will continue in the engineering field or pursue something completely different. A lot can change in the years to come before retiring from the Navy, so I am keeping my options open by bettering my r ©sum © structure. When I Joined the Navy, I wanted to serve my country.I felt honor in being part of something bigger than myself. Serving in the military is satisfying enough for me; however, I have a wife and kids. My choice to continue to serve in the Navy is based on how my career affects my family. I place high importance on stability and structure. The Navy can be a very stable career if a person possesses the right abilities and wants it to be. From the beginning of my enlistment, I wanted to make a career in the Navy and have worked to the best of my abilities. Because of this, I believe my career is very stable and I have since served thirteen years.The structure within the Navy is well defined. Promotion guidelines are made available and clear, so I know exactly what I should do in order to get advanced. Being a part of something for the greater good, having stability, and structure provide for an overall career satisfaction. Work is obviously a necessity in order to support a family. If I career in the area I take pleasure and excel in. My personality traits fit the work that I do, and I have identified the traits I would like to improve on in order to continually the changes that will soon come as I progress in work and life.

buy custom Disillusionment in Pursuit of the American Dream essay

buy custom Disillusionment in Pursuit of the American Dream essay Americans have a way of living such kind of lives which struggle for happiness. Many of them believe that happiness is realized through acquiring wealth. However, such an idea is doomed to fail. People all over fight their whole lives to make success to get to their intended goal. Such a goal is different from one person to another. These perceptions all have been defined by the American Dream. Fitzgerald makes use of the idea being in pursuit of happiness in the book Great Gatsby (Bruccoli 2-17). The author of this great book grew up in a period of time where people were seeking prosperity and happiness. Therefore, much of the influence he got in writing this book particularly was the time he lived. The theme of failure has been highlighted by Fitzgerald to develop Jay Gatsby character together with the struggle he makes to win back his True love. Thus, this essay explores the disappointment that engulfs Jay Gatsby, in pursuit of the American Dream as expounded in the book, The Grea t Gatsby. The American Dreams differ from one person to the other. For one, it could be the creation of enough wealth to support the family and live a luxurious life. However, happiness is the peak envisioned by many especially through amassing insurmountable sums of money. The American Dream generally has become the pursuit of prosperity in material things rather than just happiness (Curnutt 23-45). In this classic American book The Great Gatsby, the story revolves around an individual, Jay Gatsby, a poor boy with aspirations of becoming a rich man to win over Daisy, a girl he has fallen irrevocably in love with in his adolescence. The author writes that the truth was ideally that Jay of West Egg could spring from his platonic realization of himself. He is merely regarded as Gods son who the author in a somewhat comic way says that he was simply a son of God as stated. Jay grew as James Gatz, on a Dakota farm which saw him change his name later to Jay Gatsby (Cullen 34-45). The bright prospects that belied the future prompted Jay to change his name. The conviction that he would turn away from his dark past and face a promising future always motivated his daily undertakings and chores execution. He however meets Daisy as a young officer in the military in Louisville prior to leaving for World War I. Jay begins to face obstacles in his ambitions. Hefirst cheats on Daisy concerning his past. He presents himself as a well off person that is in a position to move on with Daisy. Daisy makes promises of waiting for Gatsby after he lives for the WWI. Unfortunately, Daisy marries Tom Buchanan after two years. Gatsby at the same time was taking his studies in Oxford to attain education after coming from the war. Gatsby makes a dedication of his entire life to get Daisy back (Prigozy 11-21). This was indeed a humiliating affair. All the effort that was supposed to be put in chasing after his dream has now been changed towards something different. More and problems emerge as he indulges in illegal actions to get millions of money which he sees as important in wining Daisy back to his life. His life turns into illusions and dreams of getting Daisy. His initial plans are diverted and his life is turned in a lousy life of throwing extravagant parties with high hopes that Daisy will avail herself in at least one of the parties. His entire life is completely changed and now lives with the intuition that Daisy will one day chose to come back to him (Curnutt 23-45). His journey to happiness and realizing his American Dream never comes his way. Even after knowing very well that there are no chances that Daisy will return, Gatsby is very committed in protecting her. His life is fully pre-occupied with Daisy such that he cannot find out meaning in any other thing. Gatsbys obstacles to realizing his American dream continues to mount as he fills Daisy with a lot of idealistic faultless image that she cannot truly accomplish in reality and pursues her with an enthusiastic eagerness that in essence blinds him to Daisys boundaries. The more we try to recall the earliest impressions of Gatsbys life, the more surprising the result comes. He has gone through so much in pursuit of happiness yet his success is muddled up in a mild of experiences and life obstacles. As a result of the many life obstacles, his dream of having Daisy has fallen into pieces. He has been left out as a miserable piece of cowhide. Gatsby remained a captive of his identity based on the choices he made; one being Daisy who has turned away from him and the pursuit of monetary wealth ostensibly to woo Daisy back. The turn of events in the life of Gatsby is a true representation of the corruption that prosperity can cause and the unworthy nature of the goaal same as the way Fitzgerald looks at the American Dream completely being fruitless in the 1920s. As the prevailing vivacity, independence and hopefulness of America dwindles to the immorality behind the pursuit of money and riches. Gatsbys character could seem be as a result of the American Dream quintessence. Gatsby is very convinced that if he can create a lot of wealth, he can easily win Daisy and consequently achieve his personal American Dream. However, the truth is that is not apparently going to take place. Fitzgerald (189) says that Gatsbys dream should have appeared so close that he could barely fail to get hold of it. All the same, he did not realize that it was indeed behind him, some place in the vast obscurity far much beyond the city where the dark fields of the nation rolled on in the night. The last words of the book state that Gatsby had the belief that the green light or rather the orgiastic feature year after year recedes in front of us. The American Dream eluded Gatsby and regardless of whatever happens, tomorrow is expected to unfold in a very fast way. Gats by past is very significant to his future dreams as shown by the green light (Prigozy 11-21). However, these moves are disturbed and muddled up by obstacles which he fails to control and manage well. To conclude, the struggle made by human beings to attain their aspirations and dreams through surpassing and in the reconstruction of history is what the Great Gatsby novel is based on. Though the American Dream has held high hopes for people like Gatsby, it has all ended up sour, with less of the expectations met. However, that is not the real issue. The point could have been the manner in which we respond to the consequences and results of pursuing our dreams. This probably determines the eventual success of the individual. While we have hope that things can get better, we should also be prepared if the worst happens. The lack of proper strategies for fall back if things turn out sour characterizes Gatsbys life points the inevitability of failure due to individual mistakes. The failure of such people like Gatsby to fully attain the American goal points to disillusionment, only that is self inflicted and the realization of the American dream is hinged on the individual focus. Life t akes a natural course and does not make provisions for fantasies and if forced, they just vanish like air. Buy custom Disillusionment in Pursuit of the American Dream essay

American Revolution - Early Campaigns of the American Revolution

American Revolution - Early Campaigns of the American Revolution Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga Opening Shots: Lexington Concord Following several years of rising tensions and the occupation of Boston by British troops, the military governor of Massachusetts, General Thomas Gage, began efforts to secure the colonys military supplies to keep them from the Patriot militias. These actions received official sanction on April 14, 1775, when orders arrived from London commanding him to disarm the militias and to arrest key colonial leaders. Believing the militias to be hoarding supplies at Concord, Gage made plans for part of his force to march and occupy the town. On April 16, Gage sent a scouting party out of the city towards Concord which gathered intelligence, but also alerted the colonials to British intentions. Aware of Gages orders, many key colonial figures, such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams, left Boston to seek safety in the country. Two days later, Gage ordered Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to prepare a 700-man force to sortie from the city. Aware of British interest in Concord, many of the supplies were quickly moved to other towns. Around 9:00-10:00 that night, Patriot leader Dr. Joseph Warren informed Paul Revere and William Dawes that the British would be embarking that night for Cambridge and the road to Lexington and Concord. Departing the city by separate routes, Revere and Dawes made their famous ride west to warn that the British were approaching. In Lexington, Captain John Parker gathered the towns militia and had them form into ranks on the town green with orders not to fire unless fired upon. Around sunrise, the British vanguard, led by Major John Pitcairn, arrived in the village. Riding forward, Pitcairn demanded that Parkers men disperse and lay down their arms. Parker partially complied and ordered his men to go home, but to retain their muskets. As his men began to move, a shot rang out from an unknown source. This led to an exchange of fire which saw Pitcairns horse hit twice. Surging forward the British drove the militia from the green. When the smoke cleared, eight of the militia were dead and another ten wounded. One British soldier was injured in the exchange. Departing Lexington, the British pushed on towards Concord. Outside of the town, the Concord militia, unsure of what had transpired at Lexington, fell back and took up a position on a hill across the North Bridge. The British occupied the town and broke into detachments to search for the colonial munitions. As they began their work, the Concord militia, led by Colonel James Barrett, was reinforced as other towns militias arrived on the scene. A short time later fighting broke out near the North Bridge with the British being forced back into the town. Gathering his men, Smith began the return march to Boston. As the British column moved, it was attacked by colonial militia which took up concealed positions along the road. Though reinforced at Lexington, Smiths men continued to take punishing fire until they reached the safety of Charlestown. All told, Smiths men suffered 272 casualties. Rushing to Boston, the militia effectively placed the city under siege. As news of the fighting spread, they were joined by militia from neighboring colonies, ultimately forming an army of over 20,000. The Battle of Bunker Hill On the night of June 16/17, 1775, colonial forces moved onto the Charlestown Peninsula with the goal of securing high ground from which to bombard British forces in Boston. Led by Colonel William Prescott, they initially established a position atop Bunker Hill, before moving forward to Breeds Hill. Using plans drawn by Captain Richard Gridley, Prescotts men began constructing a redoubt and lines extending northeast towards the water. Around 4:00 AM, a sentry on HMS Lively spotted the colonials and the ship opened fire. It was later joined by other British ships in the harbor, but their fire had little effect. Alerted to the American presence, Gage began organizing men to take the hill and gave command of the assault force to Major General William Howe. Transporting his men across the Charles River, Howe ordered Brigadier General Robert Pigot to directly attack Prescotts position while a second force worked around the colonial left flank to attack from behind. Aware that the British were planning an attack, General Israel Putnam dispatched reinforcements to Prescotts aid. These took up a position along fence which extended to the water near Prescotts lines. Moving forward, Howes first attack was met my massed musket fire from the American troops. Falling back, the British reformed and attacked again with the same result. During this time, Howes reserve, near Charlestown, was taking sniper fire from the town. To eliminate this, the navy opened fire with heated shot and effectively burned Charlestown to the ground. Ordering his reserve forward, Howe launched a third attack with all of his forces. With the Americans nearly out of ammunition, this assault succeeded in carrying the works and forced the militia to retreat off the Charlestown Peninsula. Though a victory, the Battle of Bunker Hill cost the British 226 killed (including Major Pitcairn) and 828 wounded. The high cost of the battle caused British Major General Henry Clinton to remark, A few more such victories would have shortly put an end to British dominion in America. Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga The Invasion of Canada On May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. A month later on June 14, they formed the Continental Army and chose George Washington of Virginia as its commander-in-chief. Traveling to Boston, Washington took command of the army in July. Among Congress other goals was the capture of Canada. Efforts had been made the previous year to encourage French-Canadians to join the thirteen colonies in opposing British rule. These advances were rebuffed, and Congress authorized the formation of the Northern Department, under Major General Philip Schuyler, with orders to take Canada by force. Schuylers efforts were made easier by the actions of Colonel Ethan Allen of Vermont, who along with Colonel Benedict Arnold, captured Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775. Located at the base of Lake Champlain, the fort provided an ideal springboard for attacking Canada. Organizing a small army, Schuyler fell ill and was forced to turn command over to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery. Moving up the lake, he captured Fort St. Jean on November 3, after a 45-day siege. Pressing on, Montgomery occupied Montreal ten days later when Canadian governor Major General Sir Guy Carleton withdrew to Quebec City without a fight. With Montreal secured, Montgomery departed for Quebec City on November 28 with 300 men. While Montgomerys army had been attacking through the Lake Champlain corridor, a second American force, under Arnold moved up the Kennebec River in Maine. Anticipating the march from Fort Western to Quebec City to take 20 days, Arnolds 1,100-man column encountered problems shortly after departing. Leaving September 25, his men endured starvation and disease before finally reaching Quebec on November 6, with around 600 men. Though he outnumbered the citys defenders, Arnold lacked artillery and could not penetrate its fortifications. On December 3, Montgomery arrived and the two American commanders joined forces. As the Americans planned their attack, Carleton reinforced the city raising the number of defenders to 1,800. Moving forward on the night of December 31, Montgomery and Arnold assaulted the city with the latter attacking from the west and the former from the north. In the resulting Battle of Quebec, American forces were repulsed with Montgomery killed in action. The surviving Americans retreated from the city and were placed under the command of Major General John Thomas. Arriving on May 1, 1776, Thomas found American forces weakened by disease and numbering fewer than a thousand. Seeing no other choice, he began retreating up the St. Lawrence River. On June 2, Thomas died of smallpox and command devolved to Brigadier General John Sullivan who had recently arrived with reinforcements. Attacking the British at Trois-Rivià ¨res on June 8, Sullivan was defeated and forced to retreat to Montreal and then south towards Lake Champlain. Seizing the initiative, Carleton pursued the Americans with the goal of reclaiming the lake and invading the colonies from the north. These efforts were blocked on October 11, when a scratch-built American fleet, led by Arnold, won a strategic naval victory at the Battle of Valcour Island. Arnolds efforts prevented a northern British invasion in 1776. The Capture of Boston While Continental forces were suffering in Canada, Washington maintained the siege of Boston. With his men lacking supplies and ammunition, Washington turned down several plans for assaulting the city. In Boston, conditions for the British worsened as winter weather approached and American privateers hampered their re-supply by sea. Seeking advice to break the stalemate, Washington consulted artilleryman Colonel Henry Knox in November 1775. Knox proposed a plan for transporting the guns captured at Fort Ticonderoga to the siege lines at Boston. Approving his plan, Washington immediately dispatched Knox north. Loading the forts guns on boats and sledges, Knox moved 59 guns and mortars down Lake George and across Massachusetts. The 300-mile journey lasted 56 days from December 5, 1775 to January 24, 1776. Pressing through severe winter weather, Knox arrived at Boston with the tools to break the siege. On the night of March 4/5, Washingtons men moved onto Dorchester Heights with their newly acquired guns. From this position, the Americans commanded both the city and the harbor. The next day, Howe, who had taken command from Gage, decided to assault the heights. As his men prepared, a snow storm rolled in preventing the attack. During the delay, Howes aids, remembering Bunker Hill, convinced him to cancel the assault. Seeing that he had no choice, Howe contacted Washington on March 8 with the message that the city would not be burned if the British were allowed to leave unmolested. On March 17, the British departed Boston and sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Later in the day, American troops triumphantly entered the city. Washington and the army remained in the area until April 4, when they moved south to defend against an attack on New York. Previous: Causes of Conflict | American Revolution 101 | Next: New York, Philadelphia, Saratoga